JOURNAL OF A COMPULSIVE READER
By Charles Matthews
Showing posts with label Spencer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Spencer. Show all posts

Thursday, May 27, 2010

19. "The Complete Plays," by Christopher Marlowe, pp. 463-505

Edward the Second, Scenes 14-26 
_____
[Scene 14] 
Kent aids Mortimer to escape the Tower and sail with him to France. 


[Scene 15] 
The queen's mission to France has failed and the prince urges her to return to England. Sir John of Hainault persuades them to go with him to Flanders, and when Kent and Mortimer meet up with them, they join up, planning to raise an army to attack the king. 


[Scene 16] 
Edward has executed the rebellious nobles, and he gloats that "The lords of France love England's gold so well / As Isabella gets no aid from thence." Spencer reads a letter from Levune telling about the efforts of Kent and Mortimer to raise an army in Flanders. 


[Scene 17] 
The queen and her followers arrive in England and prepare to attack Edward. 


[Scene 18] 
Spencer, Baldock and the king flee to Ireland from the queen's troops. 


[Scene 19] 
Kent turns against Mortimer and denounces "this unnatural revolt," observing that "Mortimer and Isabel do kiss while they conspire." When the others enter, he asks the queen what she plans to do with her husband. Mortimer, in an aside to the queen, says, "I do not like this relenting mood in Edmund." Spencer's father has been captured, and Mortimer orders him beheaded. 


[Scene 20] 
The king, Spencer, and Baldock, whose plans to sail for Ireland have been stymied by bad weather, have taken refuge with some monks, but Spencer has noticed "A gloomy fellow in a mead below" who he fears may have recognized them. Sure enough, a mower has informed on them and Rice ap Howell and the Earl of Leicester arrive with soldiers to arrest Spencer and Baldock for high treason and to take custody of the king. Edward is sent to Killingworth Castle.


[Scene 21] 
At Killingworth, Leicester demands that the king surrender his crown. Edward protests, "But tell me, must I now resign my crown / To make usurping Mortimer a king?" The Bishop of Winchester tells him that the crown is for his son. Edward protests that his son is "a lamb encompassèd by wolves," but Leicester persists in demanding the crown. Edward takes it off, but puts it on again: "in this torment comfort find I none / But that I feel the crown upon my head, / And therefore let me wear it yet a while." They insist, and, as the stage direction puts it, "The KING rageth." Finally, he gives in. Leicester receives a message from the queen that Edward is to be handed over to Sir Thomas Berkeley. 


[Scene 22] 
Mortimer tells the queen that Spencer and Baldock have been executed. He proposes that the prince be made king with himself as protector, and the queen tells him to do whatever is necessary. A messenger arrives with a letter and the Bishop of Winchester with the crown, as well as the news that "we have heard that Edmund laid a plot / To set his brother free." Mortimer summons Gurney and Matrevis to take over from Berkeley the handling of Edward, so that only they will know where the king is. The queen frets that as long as Edward is alive, "What safety rests for us, or for my son?" Mortimer asks her, "shall he presently be dispatched and die?" and the queen replies, "I would he were, so it were not by my means." Mortimer orders Gurney and Matrevis to do whatever they can to make the king's life miserable." The queen pretends to be sympathetic to the king and gives Matrevis a ring to give the king "as witness of my love." When they leave, Mortimer tells her, "Finely dissembled," and suggests that she continue to pretend to love the king when her son enters. 


The prince is accompanied by Kent, and Mortimer observes, "If he have such access unto the prince, / Our stratagems will soon be dashed." The queen urges him, "Use Edmund friendly, as if all were well." But Kent quickly sees through their pretense to be upset at Edward's abdication. Mortimer says to Kent that he should be the young new king's protector, but Kent says that his mother should have that role. And when the prince says he doesn't want to be king without talking to his father first, Kent says that he should do that. The queen retorts, "Brother, you know it is impossible."


PRINCE  Why, is he dead? 
QUEEN  No, God forbid! 
KENT 
I would those words proceeded from your heart.


Mortimer points out that Kent was part of the plot that led to Edward's imprisonment, and Kent expresses his regret for it. When the prince takes Kent's side, Mortimer seizes him roughly. And when the queen takes Mortimer's side, Kent vows 


Mortimer shall know that he hath wronged me. 
Hence will I haste to Killingworth Castle, 
And rescue agèd Edward from his foes, 
To be revenged on Mortimer and thee. 


[Scene 23] 
Mathias and Gurney torment the king by giving him sewer water to wash in. They also shave his beard. Edward laments, "O Gaveston, it is for thee that I am wronged; / For me, both thou and both the Spencers died, / And for your sakes a thousand wrongs I'll take." Kent arrives, demanding to speak with the king, and is captured and taken to Mortimer. Kent complains, "O, miserable is that commonweal / Where lords keep courts and kings are locked in prison!" 


[Scene 24] 
Mortimer is resolved that the king must die because "The commons now begin to pity him." But he wants to make sure that he's not blamed for the king's death, so he has had a letter written in  Latin that can be translated as either "Fear not to kill the king" or "Kill not the king," depending on where the comma is placed. By leaving it unpunctuated, he makes the letter ambiguous, so that "if it chance to be found, / Matrevis and the rest may bear the blame / And we be quit that caused it to be done." He also hires an assassin named Lightborne (as the note points out, a translation of "Lucifer"), whom he sends to Matrevis and Gurney with a secret message that Lightborne should be killed after he kills the king. Lightborne assures Mortimer that he's skilled in all forms of poisoning, including "take a quill / And blow a little powder in his ears," which is a variant of the way Claudius offed the elder Hamlet. When Lightborne leaves, Mortimer gloats, "I am Protector now. / Now all is sure. The queen and Mortimer / Shall rule the realm, the king, and none rule us."  


The prince, the newly crowned Edward III, enters with a retinue that includes the queen and the Archbishop of Canterbury, who proclaims "Long live King Edward, by the grace of God, / King of England and Lord of Ireland!" Kent is brought in as a prisoner, and when Mortimer orders him beheaded, the young king tries to intervene but is overruled. Edward III asks, "What safety may I look for at his hands / If that my uncle shall be murdered thus?" The queen tells him, "He is a traitor. Think not on him. Come." 


[Scene 25] 
Matrevis and Gurney are surprised that Edward II has survived their treatment of him: He has been  kept in "a vault up to the knees in water" supplied by the castle's latrines. Gurney says, "I opened but the door to throw him meat, / And I was almost stifled with the savour." Lightborne enters with the letter from Mortimer, and they interpret the Latin as saying that the king should be killed. They also read the note that says the murderer should be killed, too. So they give the keys to the dungeon to Lightborne, who orders, "get me a spit, and let it be red hot," as well as a table and a featherbed. 


Lightborne recoils at the state of the dungeon, but pretends to be there with good news for the king, who sees through the ruse easily: "These looks of thine can harbour nought but death." The king's murder is vaguely described in the stage directions: "MATREVIS and GURNEY bring in a table and a red-hot spit." And by Lightborne's instructions: "So, lay the table down, and stamp on it, / But not too hard, lest that you bruise his body." Afterward, when Lightborne says, "Tell me, sirs, was it not bravely done?" Gurney stabs him and says to Matrevis, "Come, let us cast the body in the moat, / And bear the king's to Mortimer, our lord." 


[Scene 26] 
Mortimer meets Matrevis, who tells him the deed is done and Gurney has fled, "and will, I fear, / Betray us both; therefore let me fly." Mortimer says, "Fly to the savages." Mortimer boasts to himself, "I stand as Jove's huge tree, / And others are but shrubs compared to me." The queen enters to say that her son has heard the news of his father's death, but Mortimer is unconcerned: "What if he have? The king is yet a child." But Edward III enters with lords and attendants to denounce Mortimer as "Villain!" and to proclaim that Mortimer should be executed and his head placed on his feather's hearse. Mortimer denies being responsible for his death, but Edward shows him the letter sent to order the murder. "False Gurney hath betrayed me and himself," Mortimer says aside. The queen pleads for Mortimer, who tells her, "Madam, entreat not. I will rather die / Than sue for life unto a paltry boy." And Edward says, "This argues that you spilt my father's blood, / Else would you not entreat for Mortimer," although he admits to one of the lords, "I do not think her so unnatural." He sends her to the Tower to await further trial. The queen exits, and a lord enters with the head of Mortimer. Edward II's hearse is brought on as the young king says, "let these tears distilling from mine, / Be witness of my grief and innocency." 

Wednesday, May 26, 2010

18. "The Complete Plays," by Christopher Marlowe, pp. 429-462

Edward the Second, Scenes 5-13
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[Scene 5] 
Spencer Junior and Baldock, members of the household of the late Earl of Gloucester, are seeking a new nobleman to join up with. Spencer has already decided that he'll join Gaveston as "his companion, for he loves me well, / And would have once preferred me to the king." Baldock says Gaveston is banished, but Spencer has heard otherwise: "even now a post came from the court / With letters to our lady from the king, / And as she read, she smiled, which makes me think / It is about her lover Gaveston." (The lady referred to, the notes tell us is Margaret de Clare, the king's niece.) Baldock has been her tutor, and Spencer urges him to become a courtier: "You must be proud, bold, pleasant, resolute, / And now and then stab as occasion serves." The lady herself enters, reading a letter from Gaveston announcing his return and one from the king asking her to come to the court. She sends Baldock to order her coach and tells Spencer of the good news.


[Scene 6] 
Edward, attended by the queen, Lancaster, Mortimer, Warwick, Pembroke and Kent, is anxiously awaiting Gaveston's arrival. Meanwhile, Mortimer informs Edward that "The King of France sets foot in Normandy," to which the king replies, "A trifle. We'll expel him when we please." But in conversation with Mortimer and Lancaster, they reveal to the king their scorn for Gaveston, which angers him: "They love me not that hate my Gaveston." The queen tries to calm him, while Mortimer asks the other nobles, "If in his absence thus he favours him, / What will he do whenas he shall be present?" 


They don't have long to wait, because Gaveston enters immediately to an effusive welcome from Edward. The nobles greet Gaveston with cold sarcasm, and he bridles at the insult, causing Lancaster and Mortimer to draw their swords and Gaveston to draw his. Mortimer wounds Gaveston, who is hustled off by an attendant. Edward banishes them from the court, and Warwick says, "Look to your own crown, if you back him thus." The king, the queen, and Kent exit, leaving the nobles to swear "To prosecute that Gaveston to the death" and to threaten to depose the king. A messenger brings word that Mortimer's uncle has been taken prisoner by the Scots, who are demanding five thousand pounds in ransom. Mortimer insists on going to the king for the ransom because his uncle has been taken prisoner in the king's war. Lancaster agrees to go with him, while the others go off to gather troops in their rebellion. 


A guard prevents Mortimer and Lancaster from seeing the king, but Edward and Kent enter as they are arguing with the guard. When Mortimer tells the king the news, Edward declines to pay the ransom himself and tells Mortimer to pay it, giving him license to beg for the money "thoroughout the realm." Mortimer is insulted and touches the hilt of his sword threateningly while denouncing "The idle triumphs, masques, lascivious shows, / And prodigal gifts bestowed on Gaveston." Lancaster joins in denouncing the king's extravagance and his loss of prestige both at home and abroad, noting that the Scots have composed ballads mocking Edward. They depart, with Lancaster threatening, "Look next to see us with our ensigns spread." 


Kent then angers the king further by warning him, "your love to Gaveston / Will be the ruin of the realm and you." Edward orders his brother "Out of my sight, and trouble me no more," and Kent leaves him. The queen enters with Gaveston and a retinue including the king's niece, Baldock and Spencer. Gaveston asks why the king doesn't send Mortimer to the tower, and Edward replies that "the people love him well." The niece introduces Edward to Baldock and Spencer, and Edward proclaims to her, "this day shall be your marriage feast. / And, Gaveston, think that I love thee well / To wed thee to our niece." 


[Scene 7] 
Kent joins the nobles in their revolt against the king, although he has to overcome their skepticism first. Lancaster announces that Gaveston and the king are there in Tynemouth, and that they are planning to attack and seize Gaveston, with the proviso, "None be so hardy as to touch the king, / But neither spare you Gaveston nor his friends." 


[Scene 8] 
Edward and Spencer enter, fleeing from the attack, followed by Gaveston, the queen and the king's niece. Edward sends Gaveston away by water while he and Spencer will travel by land. But when the queen asks Edward for a farewell, he denounces her as Mortimer's lover. The barons enter to find the queen lamenting her mistreatment. When Lancaster tells her "We would but rid the realm of Gaveston. / Tell us where he remains, and he shall die," she reveals, "He's gone by water unto Scarborough; / Pursue him quickly, and he cannot 'scape." She explains that the king and Gaveston separated to divide the forces of their attackers. And when the nobles leave, she admits that she is attracted to Mortimer, but will try to persuade the king to give up Gaveston. Otherwise, "My son and I will over into France, / And to the king my brother there complain / How Gaveston hath robbed me of his love." 


[Scene 9] 
Gaveston enters and is captured by the nobles. Lancaster likens him to -- who else? -- Helen of Troy, "the Greekish strumpet," because he has cause so many to take up arms. There is some dispute over whether they'll behead him or hang him, to which Gaveston responds, "Then I perceive / That heading is one, and hanging is the other, / And death is all." The Earl of Arundel enters, with a message from the king, who wants to see Gaveston before he dies. Warwick says, "we will gratify the king / In other matters; he must pardon us in this." Arundel insists, "he swears / He will but talk with him and send him back," and he offers to "be pledge for his return." Pembroke intervenes to say, "I will upon mine honour undertake / To carry him and bring him back again." They agree, reluctantly, and Gaveston says, "Sweet sovereign, yet I come / To see thee ere I die." But in an aside, Warwick says, "Yet not, perhaps, / If Warwick's wit and policy prevail." 


[Scene 10] 
Warwick prevails. He follows the men charged by Pembroke with looking after Gaveston and takes him. 


[Scene 11] 
Edward,  Spencer and Baldock enter, and Spencer urges the king to behead the nobles who have taken Gaveston. Spencer's father arrives "with a band of bowmen and of pikes, / ... Sworn to defend King Edward's royal right." Edward creates Spencer Earl of Wiltshire, and announces that he intends to outbid the barons for the land Lord Bruce is selling. The queen enters with the news that her brother, the King of France, has seized Normandy, so he sends her and their son, the prince, to "parley with the King of France." 


Arundel arrives with the news that Gaveston is dead by Warwick's hand. Edward kneels to vow: 


Treacherous Warwick, traitorous Mortimer! 
If I be England's king, in lakes of gore 
Your headless trunks, your bodies will I trail, 
That you may drink your fill and quaff in blood, 
And stain my royal standard with the same, 
That so my bloody colours may suggest 
Remembrance of revenge....


He makes Spencer Earl of Gloucester and Lord Chamberlain. A herald arrives from "The barons up in arms" to say that they urge "That from your princely person you remove / This Spencer, as a putrefying branch / That deads the royal vine." Edward defiantly embraces Spencer. 


[Scene 12] 
The battle between the king's forces and the barons' take place. 


[Scene 13] 
The king's forces prevail and the barons and Kent are led in as captives. Kent is banished from court as punishment, but Warwick and Lancaster are led off by the elder Spencer to be beheaded, and Mortimer is sent to the Tower. When the king leaves, Spencer, a hanger-on named Levune, and Baldock remain to plot further. Spencer sends Levune to France to bribe "the lords of France" against the queen.